Color Nodes
The Color nodes, as the name implies, allow you to manipulate colours - with one exception, the Light Falloff node. (Why that node is part of that group is unclear!)
All these nodes, again with the exception of Light Falloff, output a colour value which you can link to any port in another node which accepts a colour.
Note: if all you need is to generate an RGB colour, use the RGB node which is part of the Input nodes group.
The available nodes are: